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Ballot Bulletin: Part 1

ERIC & Voter List Maintenance

This summer, LWVWI is launching a series highlighting various election security topics so we can all be better informed about how we keep elections fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting (1) regular maintenance of the voter registration rolls and (2) Wisconsin’s involvement with the Electronic Registration Information Center (aka ERIC).

Why is regular maintenance of the voter registration rolls important?

Most simply put, it keeps everything correct and current! The main goal of regular list maintenance is to ensure that ineligible individuals aren't registered and eligible individuals aren't excluded.

Diligent and regular maintenance is key and, luckily, we have systems in place to keep our voter rolls neat and tidy! Maintenance keeps voter fraud in check by deactivating ineligible registrations, combining duplicate records on the rolls, and flagging instances of voter impersonation or individuals voting multiple times. Thus, the integrity of our elections is safeguarded.

In addition, voter roll maintenance lets our hardworking election administrators plan and conduct elections more efficiently. It reduces the chances of administrative errors and complications during the voting process, such as long lines or delays in verifying voter eligibility. Efficient administration is crucial for smooth elections with minimal obstacles to voters.

What is the Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC), and why does Wisconsin participate?

The Electronic Registration Information Center, known more commonly as ERIC, is a nonpartisan organization created by state election officials. Its goals are to improve the accuracy of voter registration data and assist voters in becoming registered at their current addresses.

ERIC's data comes from its member states, the Social Security Administration, and USPS. State statute requires Wisconsin to be a member of ERIC, and membership helps our election officials keep records up to date.

Through ERIC, the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) receives data on registered voters who have moved or died, as well as potential duplicates. The WEC shares this information with the relevant local election officials so they can use it to update voter registration records in their jurisdiction. Additionally, as a member of ERIC, the WEC receives lists of potentially eligible but unregistered voters in Wisconsin so they can send those citizens postcards with registration information.

Data from ERIC also allows states to cross-check voter fraud to see if any voters cast ballots in more than one state.

How is the League involved in monitoring these processes?

Regular voter registration list maintenance keeps our elections secure and accurate. However, when it goes too far, eligible voters can be wrongfully purged from the voter file. That is why the League pays close attention to the processes our election officials use to maintain the accuracy of our lists. As part of this work, the League tracks Wisconsin’s involvement in ERIC, and we have seen the benefits to our state.

We are prepared to and have advocated as needed when changes are necessary to protect voters' rights.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 2

Appointment of an Administrator for the Wisconsin Elections Commission (~3 min read)

First things first — what is the Wisconsin Elections Commission?

In 2016, the Wisconsin Legislature established the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) to carry out several statewide election administration functions.

Wisconsin is unique! More than 1,800 local clerks at the town, village, city and county levels conduct our elections — making Wisconsin one of the most decentralized election systems in the nation.

With this in mind, the WEC is a crucial resource for our local clerks, providing them with education, training, and support materials. The WEC also fulfills several statewide election responsibilities, such as ensuring compliance with federal and state election laws, election accuracy, and maintaining the statewide voter registration database.

Who governs the WEC? There are six Commissioners, with three Commissioners representing the Democratic Party and three representing the Republican Party. Commissioners make bipartisan decisions that drive the WEC's actions. They are responsible for ensuring elections comply with election laws, vetting candidate nomination papers, approving agency spending, creating administrative rules and more.

The Commission's chairperson also certifies state and non-presidential election results.

The WEC Administrator is Wisconsin’s chief election official and the agency's chief executive. The Administrator leads the agency’s non-partisan staff and carries out decisions made by the Commissioners.

Unlike the commissioners, this individual is held to strict nonpartisan standards. The WEC’s Administrator is legally required to be nonpartisan and cannot have held partisan state or local office, cannot have been a lobbyist and may not have contributed to a candidate for a partisan office in the previous year before appointment. These restrictions remain in place while the individual serves.

How is an Administrator chosen? First, the Commissioners appoint an individual in an open meeting. The candidate must receive at least four votes from the six Commissioners. Second, the appointment moves to the State Senate for a confirmation vote. An appointed Administrator may serve in an interim capacity while awaiting confirmation from the State Senate.

The Administrator is appointed for a 4-year term.

In the case of a vacancy, the Commissioners have 45 days to appoint a new administrator. If the Commission does not appoint a new administrator by the end of the 45 days, the Legislative Organization Committee can appoint an Interim Administrator to serve until the State Senate confirms a new administrator.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 3

Ballot Bulletin: Transparency and the Role of Election Observers

This summer LWVWI is launching an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to make our elections fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting the importance of election observers and transparency.

We know our elections are free and fair here in Wisconsin because so much of the process is transparent — it’s open, visible, and subject to scrutiny. Observing parts of the electoral process keeps election officials accountable and fosters public trust.

It reduces concerns about fraud and manipulation while promoting confidence in the accuracy and fairness of the results.

Nonpartisan election observers (like League observers!) play an important role in identifying best practices that can be shared across polling places, correcting issues, and discouraging misconduct. Their presence helps ensure that election officials follow procedures and dissuade bad actors from attempting to interfere with the voting process.

They’re another layer of oversight, enhancing the reliability of the process.

With training, these observers identify irregularities, errors, or violations of election laws. Their impartial perspective allows them to raise concerns and report issues. Early detection of problems enables quick action to correct issues - protecting voters and election security.

Learn more about the League’s Election Observation Program

Ballot Bulletin: Part 4

Ballot Bulletin: The Paper Record

This summer LWVWI is launching an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting the importance of the paper record of every ballot cast in Wisconsin — it’s a real page-turner.

Wisconsin has a paper record for each ballot cast, to serve as a reliable backup in case of an issue with a counting machine. It’s another part of our election system that ensures a few of our favorite things: transparency, accuracy, and the ability to conduct recounts.

The main goal of the paper record: ensure that the voter's intent is accurately reflected. The paper record verifies the machine-tabulator results (vote counting machine), providing a fail-safe mechanism to confirm election results.

Election officials can manually compare the paper ballots with the electronic tallies in case of doubts or discrepancies. It’s a safeguard against any potential errors, tampering, or inconsistencies.

If any election outcome is challenged and a recount or audit is requested, officials can conduct manual checks by referring to the paper ballots.

It also deters potential attackers or bad actors seeking to manipulate our elections. Machine tampering can be uncovered through the paper record. It’s another part of Wisconsin's comprehensive election system that protects voters and ensures transparent and accurate elections.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 5

Ballot Bulletin: Pre-Election Equipment Testing and Post-Election Equipment Checks

This summer LWVWI is launching an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about processes to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting the importance of pre-election equipment testing and post-election equipment audits.

Our election officials leave no stone unturned when it comes to our voting equipment. Pre-election equipment testing and post-election equipment audits make sure our elections are accurate and reliable.

Every election, election officials test voting machines and election software before voters use them in the election. This pre-election equipment testing allows election officials to double-check the performance and accuracy of voting machines and election software before they’re used in an election. Voters can be confident that any technical issues or errors will be caught and fixed before voters cast their ballots.

After November elections, election officials conduct checks of the voting equipment, called post-election equipment audits, to ensure the machines accurately recorded and counted votes. Election officials would detect any tampering or unauthorized use of the machines, and then quickly launch an investigation.

In addition to these benefits, consistent testing helps our officials find potential vulnerabilities in the equipment and implement new security improvements and updates.

And, this whole process is open to the public! You can check out the accuracy of the equipment and the results yourself during these tests. It shows how Wisconsin’s elections value transparency and building trust in the public.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 6

Ballot Bulletin:Accessible Voting Equipment

This summer LWVWI is launching an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about processes to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting accessible voting equipment (also known as ballot marking devices).

Accessible voting equipment is electronic voting equipment that allow voters to fill out their ballot on a touch screen, have the options read aloud to them and enables people with disabilities to cast their ballot privately and independently.

Voters with and without disabilities can benefit from increased use and availability of this equipment.

Some benefits include:

Reduces risk of mis marking ballot (including over voting, under voting, and cross party voting in a partisan primary election)
Allows voters with disabilities to vote privately and independently
Can be used if polling place runs out of ballots
Offers a familiar electronic process

There are several security features on electronic voting machines that make them a safe and secure way to vote.

There is a verifiable paper record. Voters using the accessible voting equipment receive a physical ballot or voter summary card, just like everyone else. This gives them the opportunity to review their selections and verify that their vote was recorded accurately before submitting for tabulation. This paper record also serves as an audit trail for election officials.
Accessible voting equipment use physical and system access controls including lockable doors, tamper-evident seals and access codes. These security safeguards cannot be bypassed or deactivated.
Accessible voting equipment is not connected to the internet.
All accessible voting equipment used in Wisconsin is thoroughly tested by the Wisconsin Elections Commission staff and certified by the Commissioners before they are allowed to be used in our state.

Give accessible voting equipment a try next time you vote in person. Using accessible voting equipment demonstrates how important these machines are, and will encourage our election workers to have the equipment set up right when the polls open. Voting on this equipment is a great opportunity to be an ally to people with disabilities.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 7

Ballot Bulletin: Strength in Decentralization

This summer, LWVWI launched an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure.This week, let's look at Wisconsin's unique system of administering elections at the local level and the strengths of adecentralized system.

What does it mean to have a decentralized election administration system? It might sound complicated, but it just means that the decision-making power of our elections is spread throughout local areas of the state.

While the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) is the state agency responsible for overseeing our elections, local municipal clerks in our communities hold the vast majority of power and influence over how elections are run. There are local clerks based in more than 1,850 municipalities in Wisconsin!

This system is different than lots of other states. But our decentralized model has lots of benefits for Wisconsin voters! Our decentralized model allows local election officials to tailor their election procedures to their community's specific needs, promoting efficiency and adaptability.

The WEC supports these local clerks by providing, non-binding guidance, training, and help interpreting our election laws — however, it is up to local clerks to make critical decisions and do the work to run our elections.

The decentralized system also acts as a robust defense against potential threats or interference in our elections. By distributing responsibilities across multiple communities, the impact of any manipulation would be limited, making it very challenging for bad actors to disrupt the entire electoral process.

Decentralized administration also enhances transparency and accountability. Two things we love in our elections! Local clerks, who are often known within their communities, are directly accountable to the voters and communities they serve. This fosters trust and ensures that election practices remain accountable and in line with the needs and expectations of voters.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 8

Ballot Bulletin: Hand Counting Ballots vs. Machine Counting Ballots

This summer LWVWI launched an educational series highlighting various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting hand-counting vs. machine-counting ballots.

Ballot counting machines (known as tabulators) improve election administration in three main ways: accuracy, trustworthiness, and efficiency.

Accuracy

Humans are better than machines at many tasks, but people are not good at highly repetitive tasks that require extreme accuracy. When people review thousands of ballots, they are likely to become tired and make mistakes, such as losing track of their counts.

In contrast, tabulator machines are excellent at counting– that’s exactly what they’re made for! Data shows that tabulator machines are significantly more accurate than hand counting the same ballots.

Trustworthiness

Ballot counting machines are proven to produce faster, more accurate election results. Hand counts of ballots, especially with multiple races, can take weeks to complete. By contrast, the speed and accuracy of tabulators, and thus election results, help bolster voter confidence.

Efficiency

As we face a shortage of election workers state and nationwide, obtaining the necessary staff required to complete a hand count would be a significant barrier.

Recounting a single statewide election is one thing, but hand-counting the entire ballot requires a cumbersome procedure. When multiple races are being counted, election workers use a much more complex “read and mark” procedure. This requires workers to call out each race and keep tallies.

The Importance of Post-election Audits

In addition to these benefits, consistent testing helps our officials find potential vulnerabilities in the equipment and implement new security improvements and updates.And, this whole process is open to the public! You can check out the accuracy of the equipment and the results yourself during these tests.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 9

Ballot Bulletin: Absentee Voting

Time for another #BallotBulletin where we highlight various election security topics so we know about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week is absentee voting!

Absentee voting or mail-in voting is a convenient and secure way to cast a ballot. Here in Wisconsin, any eligible voter can take advantage of absentee voting — no excuse needed!

Election officials take lots of steps to ensure your absentee vote in Wisconsin is secure. When a voter first submits their absentee ballot request, the clerk verifies that they are an eligible, registered voter and reviews their acceptable photo ID before processing their request.

Once the request is approved, the clerk initials both the voter’s ballot and their absentee ballot certificate. They then add the USPS smart tracking bar code to the mailing envelope.

These steps help ensure the chain of custody as the ballot movesthrough the postal service to the voter.

Once the voter receives their ballot, they must vote in the presence of a witness. The jobof the witness is to sign and address the absentee ballot certificate, verifying that the voter was the one to complete their ballot (unless they require assistance due to a disability). The voter also signs the certificate to affirm that they completed their ballot.

After the absentee ballot is returned to the clerk’s office, election officials review the absentee ballot certificate to ensure that the envelope is sealed, the absentee ballot certificate is complete, and the clerk's initials are present.

Clerks track every ballot issued to prevent double voting and balance the number of absentee ballots received against the number of voters who requested an absentee ballot.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 10

Ballot Bulletin: Badger Books

Time for another Ballot Bulletin where we dive into the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week we are highlighting Badger Books, which are also known as electronic poll books.

What are Badger Books?

Badger Books are an electronic version of the paper poll book. These electronic poll books work the same as the paper poll books but with some added features. Badger Books are used to check in voters, process Election Day registrations, and record absentee ballot participation.

Electronic poll books ensure consistency, efficiency, and make end of election day activities easier and more accurate.

Are Badger Books safe?

First and foremost, Badger Books were custom made for Wisconsin elections by the Wisconsin Elections Commission. Badger Books are not connected to the internet or to any other outside source. They are connected only to each other by a private network within the polling place.

From the voter perspective, the actual process of voting does not change at all. Voters still have the choice to vote using paper ballots or electronic voting machines, and voters still place those ballots in the tabulator.

The tabulator is not connected to the Badger Books in any way, so no voting data is stored on the Badger Books — ensuring your ballot choices stay secret!

What are the benefits of Badger Books?

Badger Books can shorten lines on Election Day by speeding up important Election Day tasks, including the process for same day voter registration and the process for checking in voters at their polling place.
Badger Books dramatically speed up important post-election data collection and reporting, making tasks that once took clerks hours to complete, now take minutes.
They also reduce the possibility for human error in post-election data collection and reporting.

Ballot Bulletin: Part 11

Ballot Bulletin: Absentee Ballot Certificate Envelope Redesign

Time for another Ballot Bulletin where we high light the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. Today, let's dive into the new Absentee Ballot Certificate Envelope Redesign.

Voting early - either in person or by mail - gives many voters the flexibility they need to vote on their own schedule. Whether you're a college student, snow bird, have travel plans, are working on election day, or just want to avoid the crowds on Election Day there are many reasons to vote early! And luckily here in Wisconsin voters don't need an excuse to vote early!

For voters looking to take advantage of their early voting options next year, things have gotten a little bit easier. The Wisconsin Elections Commission recently updated the return envelope to make the certificate more user friendly for both voters and election officials.

Over the course of several months, the Wisconsin Elections Commission conducted several rounds of usability testing and design revisions with input from voters, poll workers, local clerks, and the U.S. Postal Service.

The absentee ballot certificate envelopes are now color-coded to indicate which type of ballot is contained in the envelope.

Blue envelopes will be used for outgoing envelopes mailed to voters from municipal clerks.
Purple envelopes will be used for standard return envelopes that voters mail in.
Teal envelopes will be used for return envelopes from care facility-based voters.
Brown envelopes will be used for return envelopes from military or overseas voters.

The new absentee ballot certificate envelopes are more user friendly with the use of bolded text, and full color designs that alert voters to fill out the required information to ensure their ballot is counted.

The new envelope colors also help postal workers identify ballots to speed up the mailing process. It is important to note that no changes were made to the ballots themselves.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 12

Ballot Bulletin: What the parties can agree on - early and absentee voting in Wisconsin

It’s time for another Ballot Bulletin! This week we’re highlighting the importance of early and absentee voting options in Wisconsin.

One thing that Republicans and Democrats in Wisconsin can agree on is that voters should have options to vote - including early and absentee voting. Recently both the Republican and Democratic party chairs met with Steven Potter from PBS Wisconsin to talk about the importance of these options to vote in the upcoming election year.

No excuses are needed here in Wisconsin for voters to take advantage of their option to vote at a time that works best for them through utilizing either early voting or absentee voting by mail. Both options are flexible, convenient, and secure ways to cast a ballot.

Early voting (also called in person absentee voting) begins two weeks before Election Day. While each municipality sets their own hours for early voting to meet the needs of their communities, every municipality offers some form of early voting across the state. Many municipalities offer evening and weekend hours making this a great option for voters with a busy schedule. Find your local early voting opportunities.

Voting absentee by mail is another great option that allows Wisconsinites the opportunity to vote from the comfort of their homes or another location of their choice. Absentee ballots are sent 21 days before Spring Elections (Feb 20 and April 2 this year) and 47 days before Fall Elections (Aug 13 and Nov 5 this year) to voters with absentee ballot requests on file.

This timeline gives voters lots of time to research the candidates and return their ballots before Election Day. You can even make a calendar year request and join the list to receive your ballots by mail for every election this year. That’ll make sure you don’t miss an important election! Make an absentee ballot request online.

Our election officials diligently follow many steps to ensure early voting and absentee voting in Wisconsin is secure, making these viable options for voters in our state. Learn more about the steps they follow here.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 13

Ballot Bulletin - Voter Registration Maintenance

Time for another Ballot Bulletin where we highlight various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure. This week let's dive into Voter Registration Maintenance

Maintaining accurate and up-to-date voter registration rolls ensures that the information of registered voters is correct. This helps prevent instances of ineligible individuals being registered or eligible individuals being excluded. Regular maintenance helps prevent voter fraud by deactivating ineligible registrations or combining duplicate records on the rolls. Instances of voter impersonation or individuals voting in multiple jurisdictions can be minimized through diligent maintenance practices. By verifying the identity and eligibility of registered voters, the integrity of the electoral process is safeguarded.

Municipal clerks are responsible for reviewing voter registrations and maintaining the voter registration list for their community. Our municipal clerks conduct list maintenance on a daily basis. They monitor the system for voters who have moved, passed away, been declared incompetent by a judge, or have been convicted of a felony. Having all of this information in one place - eligible voters and ineligible voters - allows clerks to ensure our lists are maintained accurately and allows our clerks to easily identify anyone who’s registration needs to be deactivated for legitimate reasons.

Maintaining clean and accurate voter rolls also enables election administrators to plan and conduct elections more efficiently. It reduces the chances of administrative errors and complications during the voting process, such as long lines or delays in verifying voter eligibility. Efficient administration helps ensure that elections run smoothly and that voters can exercise their right to vote with minimal obstacles.

Municipal clerks andstateelection officials work closely with cybersecurity experts to ensure that the registration database is safe from hackers or unauthorized users. They regularly conduct scans of the voter registration system, ensuring any unauthorized changes to the voter registration list would be caught and swiftly corrected. We can rest assured that if a voter’s registration was changed or altered in any way, there would be a record. The Wisconsin Elections Commission is constantly monitoring the system to identify cyber attacks and none were reported in both the 2020 and 2022 elections.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 14

Ballot Bulletin - Election Results are Triple Checked

In Wisconsin, our commitment to fair and transparent elections is unwavering. And while the polls may close at 8 p.m. on Election Day, official results take time to compile. On election night, counties collect returns from their municipalities, and post the unofficial results on their websites. It’s important for voters to know that any election results reported on election night are unofficial until the results are triple checked.

After the polls close, election officials go through a rigorous process to triple check the results at the municipal, county, andstatelevels. Every vote cast is meticulously counted, verified, and audited not once, not twice, but three times to ensure the utmost accuracy and reliability of the results! It is normal for unofficial election results to change slightly as election officials conduct canvasses to ensure an accurate vote total while completing the certification process.

Election results become official after the chair of the Wisconsin Elections Commission certifies the results. The canvass and certification of election results can take over 30 days to complete after the election.

While everyone is eager to know the results of an election as soon as possible, we need to remember to be patient and give our election officials time to count every vote. Our democracy is worth the wait!

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 15

Ballot Bulletin: Poll Worker Selection Process

Time for another Ballot Bulletin where we highlight various election security topics so we are all better informed about the processes in place to ensure our elections are fair, accessible, and secure.

This week let’s dive into the poll worker selection process.

Here in Wisconsin, municipal clerks are responsible for ensuring all their polling places are staffed with enough poll workers. This includes appointing and training poll workers for each election. Law requires every municipality to appoint election inspectors from lists of nominees presented by the two dominant political parties.

Both the Democratic and Republican Parties of Wisconsin recruit voters to serve as poll workers and must submit their lists of nominees to each county by November 30 of each odd numbered year (ex. 2023, 2025, 2027, …). Clerks must utilize the lists of potential poll workers provided by the parties before bringing in unaffiliated poll workers.

Party affiliated poll workers as well as unaffiliated poll workers must complete the application process to be appointed as poll workers for all elections held in the following two years. Clerks appoint poll workers by December 31 of the odd numbered year to serve over the following 2 years. Once appointed to the position by the clerk, poll workers become election officials.

Wisconsin law provides specific party affiliation requirements to ensure bipartisan representation in the election workforce. On Election Day, the municipal clerk should identify any election inspectors appointed by one of the two major political parties. The chief inspector must ensure that any Election Day tasks that require completion by two election inspectors are represented by each party when possible. Representation from both political parties is another check and balance put in place to ensure fair elections in Wisconsin.

When a municipal clerk appoints special voting deputies to carry out absentee voting at certain care facilities, they similarly must appoint at least two individuals (one Democrat and one Republican) whenever possible.

All poll workers, party affiliated or not, must complete the training requirements of the municipality in which they will serve on Election Day or during in-person Early Voting.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins

Ballot Bulletin: Part 16

Ballot Bulletin: Voting Rights for Wisconsinites with Felony Convictions

Here in Wisconsin we must acknowledge that not everyone is eligible to vote - whether due to age, citizenship status, a guardianship decision, or due to a felony conviction. We must also recognize that our fellow Wisconsinites with criminal convictions - our family, friends, neighbors, and fellow community members - are not defined by the acts that led to their felony convictions.As the League of Women Voters we believe that every voice matters - and that includes our brothers and sisters with criminal convictions. Our democracy is better when we are all able to participate.

So what does the current law in Wisconsin say about voter eligibility for Wisconsinites with criminal convictions?

You can vote if you…

were convicted of a felony and you are “off paper” (you are not on parole, probation, or extended supervision)
are in jail on Election Day but have not yet been convicted of a felony or pled guilty to a felony
were convicted of a misdemeanor, whether you are in jail or not

You cannot vote if you…

are in prison or on probation, on parole or supervision for a felony or misdemeanor bribery or treason

Rights Restoration

Wisconsinites with felony convictions automatically have their voting rights restored after they have completed their felony sentence including probation, parole, or extended supervision. Once voting rights have been restored, those individuals must re-register to vote in order to participate in future elections. They can do so online at myvote.wi.gov, by mail, or in person.

Unfortunately, many people who have completed their felony sentence are not informed or are otherwise unaware that their right to vote has been restored. This is a gap in information that we all bear responsibility for addressing. Please help spread the word. Talk with your family and friends. If you or someone you know has questions, contact the Election Protection Hotline at 866-OUR-VOTE.

>> Read previous Ballot Bulletins